Imaging of Peripheral Nerves: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review.

Area of Science:

• Radiology and Imaging Science
• Neurology
• Medical Interventions

Background:

• Peripheral nerve imaging is vital for diagnosing, staging, and managing peripheral neuropathies.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are primary imaging modalities for peripheral nerves.
• MRI offers high soft-tissue contrast, while ultrasound provides high resolution for nerve evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review MRI- and ultrasound-based techniques for peripheral nerve imaging.
• To highlight imaging considerations for specific conditions including trauma, entrapment syndromes, inflammatory neuropathies, and tumors.
• To discuss image-guided nerve interventions, specifically nerve blocks and ablation.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of existing literature and expert panel insights.
• Focus on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound techniques.
• Discussion of clinical applications and interventional procedures.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of MRI and ultrasound techniques for peripheral nerve visualization.
• Guidance on imaging protocols for diverse clinical scenarios (trauma, entrapment, inflammation, tumors).
• Overview of image-guided nerve interventions, including nerve blocks and ablation.

Conclusions:

• MRI and ultrasound are essential tools for comprehensive peripheral nerve evaluation.
• Understanding specific imaging considerations aids in accurate diagnosis and management.
• Image-guided interventions offer therapeutic options for peripheral nerve conditions.