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Bovine hydroxyapatite/3Y-TZP bioceramic: Aligning 3Y-TZP content with sintering parameters.

Lucas José de Azevedo-Silva1, Brunna Mota Ferrairo2, Pedro Rodrigues Minim1

  • 1Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|May 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study produced bovine hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics with 3Y-TZP additions, finding that 1% 3Y-TZP and optimized sintering improved mechanical properties. Further refinement is needed for dental applications.

Keywords:
BiomaterialsCalcium phosphatesCeramic compositesHydroxyapatiteNanoparticleZirconia

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Ceramics

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a key biomaterial for bone regeneration.
  • Incorporating 3% Yttria-stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia (3Y-TZP) can enhance HA's mechanical properties.
  • Optimizing sintering processes is crucial for bioceramic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To produce and characterize bovine-derived HA bioceramics with varying 3Y-TZP content.
  • To investigate the effects of different sintering curves on HA-3Y-TZP composites.
  • To evaluate the mechanical and microstructural properties of the developed bioceramics.

Main Methods:

  • Bovine HA was extracted, nanoparticulated, and mixed with 0, 1, 5, and 10 wt% 3Y-TZP.
  • Samples underwent uniaxial and isostatic pressing, followed by dilatometry analysis.
  • Sintering was performed using conventional and two-step firing curves at different temperatures.
  • Characterization included X-ray diffraction (XRD), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), Vickers microhardness (VH), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM).

Main Results:

  • Dilatometry indicated a need for sintering optimization with 3Y-TZP addition.
  • XRD confirmed HA peaks in pure and 1% 3Y-TZP samples; higher additions caused HA decomposition.
  • Pure HA (conventional sintering) and HA+1%3Y-TZP (2-step, 1420°C) showed optimal BFS and VH.
  • The addition of 1 wt% 3Y-TZP and optimized sintering improved mechanical and microstructural properties while maintaining HA crystallinity.

Conclusions:

  • 1 wt% 3Y-TZP addition, combined with optimized sintering, enhances bovine HA bioceramics' mechanical and microstructural characteristics.
  • Higher 3Y-TZP concentrations lead to phase decomposition, negatively impacting properties.
  • Further material processing refinements are necessary for successful clinical application in dentistry.