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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Disability Studies
  • Social Work

Background:

  • Direct Support Professionals (DSPs) are essential for community living for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States.
  • Deinstitutionalization efforts over 30 years rely heavily on DSPs to provide community-based support.
  • Despite improvements in community living for people with IDD, DSP working conditions, compensation, and well-being have deteriorated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of DSPs in supporting individuals with IDD in community settings.
  • To identify and discuss the worsening challenges faced by DSPs, including working conditions, burnout, and workplace disparities.
  • To propose key research questions to address the critical issues affecting the DSP workforce and community supports for people with IDD.

Main Methods:

  • The study synthesizes discussions from the Research and Training Center on Community Living's 2022 State of the Science Conference.
  • It reviews existing literature and expert discourse on the status of DSPs and community-based services for individuals with IDD.
  • Identifies critical issues and formulates research questions based on the conference's findings.

Main Results:

  • The DSP workforce is indispensable for the success of community living for people with IDD.
  • Deteriorating working conditions, low wages, high stress, burnout, and trauma negatively impact DSP retention and the quality of care.
  • Significant workplace disparities persist for DSPs from diverse racial, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds.
  • High turnover and vacancy rates among DSPs jeopardize the availability and sustainability of community supports for people with IDD.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent research and policy interventions are needed to improve DSP working conditions, compensation, and support systems.
  • Addressing disparities and enhancing the well-being of DSPs are crucial for maintaining and improving community living options for individuals with IDD.
  • Future research should focus on actionable solutions to strengthen the DSP workforce and ensure the continued provision of high-quality community-based services.