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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
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Neonatal Hypoglycemia.

Kiley Edmundson, Amy J Jnah

    Neonatal Network : NN
    |May 30, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neonatal hypoglycemia (low plasma glucose) impairs brain function in newborns. Early identification and prevention are crucial for preventing long-term neurodevelopmental issues.

    Keywords:
    NICU careeducationevidence-based practicefeeding/nutritionfetal/maternalmanagementmetabolic/endocrinepharmacologyphysiology/pathophysiologyquality improvement

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatology
    • Pediatric Neurology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) is defined by low plasma glucose causing impaired brain function.
    • No universal glucose threshold exists due to varying neurologic responses.
    • Infants of diabetic mothers, SGA/LGA, and premature infants are at high risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the current state of science regarding neonatal hypoglycemia.
    • To provide recommendations for neonatal providers on early identification and prevention.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on neonatal hypoglycemia.
    • Analysis of current diagnostic criteria and risk factors.
    • Synthesis of evidence for management strategies.

    Main Results:

    • NH presents with symptoms like jitteriness, poor feeding, and irritability.
    • Associated morbidities include cognitive/motor delays and cerebral palsy.
    • Variability in glucose thresholds necessitates individualized assessment.

    Conclusions:

    • Early detection and intervention in NH are critical.
    • Preventive strategies and provider education are essential.
    • Addressing NH can mitigate significant neurodevelopmental consequences.