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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Histone acylation at a glance.

Saikat Bhattacharya1, Benjamin P Tu1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.

Journal of Cell Science
|June 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular metabolism significantly impacts gene expression through histone acylation, a key epigenetic modification. This study explores how nutrient availability influences histone acylation and metabolic signaling pathways for cellular adaptation.

Keywords:
AcetylationAcylationChromatinEpigeneticsHistone modificationMetabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Metabolic Signaling

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications, particularly histone modifications, are crucial for regulating gene expression.
  • Intermediary metabolites serve as cofactors and substrates for histone modifications.
  • Cellular metabolic and nutritional status demonstrably influence epigenetic marks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of histone acylation modifications beyond acetylation.
  • To highlight the key players involved in governing histone acylations.
  • To elucidate the connections between histone acylation and cellular metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on histone acylation.
  • Focus on Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster format.
  • Exploration of metabolic signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Histone acylation, beyond acetylation, represents a significant layer of epigenetic regulation.
  • Metabolic state directly influences histone acylation patterns.
  • A metabolic signaling program links metabolite balance, histone modifications, and gene expression for cellular adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Histone acylation is a critical mechanism connecting cellular metabolism to gene expression.
  • Understanding these pathways is key to comprehending cellular adaptation to nutrient availability.
  • Further research into the players governing histone acylation and its metabolic links is warranted.