An Online Mindfulness-Based Group Intervention for Tics: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Psychiatry
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Current treatments for Tourette syndrome (TS) and persistent tic disorder (PTD) demonstrate limited efficacy, accessibility, and are often linked to adverse events.
• There is a critical need for developing and evaluating novel, safe, and accessible therapeutic options for individuals with TS and PTD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing a novel, videoconference-delivered group mindfulness-based intervention for tics (MBIT) against a control intervention.
• The control intervention was a videoconference-delivered group psychoeducation, relaxation, and supportive therapy (PRST) for adults diagnosed with TS or PTD.

Main Methods:

• Thirty-two adults with TS or PTD were randomized to receive 8 weeks of either MBIT or PRST.
• Assessments included tic severity, tic-related impairment, and global improvement, evaluated by an independent, masked assessor at baseline, post-treatment, and at 1- and 6-month follow-ups.
• All study procedures, including interventions and assessments, were conducted online via secure videoconferencing.

Main Results:

• MBIT demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in tic severity (d=0.85) and tic-related impairment (d=0.99) compared to PRST from baseline to post-treatment.
• The treatment response rate was substantially higher in the MBIT group (69%) versus the PRST group (13%).
• No serious adverse effects were reported for either treatment; the durability of outcomes was also assessed.

Conclusions:

• This pilot RCT indicates that videoconference-delivered group MBIT shows promise as an efficacious, accessible, and safe intervention for adults experiencing tics associated with TS or PTD.
• Further research is warranted to validate these preliminary findings and establish the long-term effectiveness of MBIT.