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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

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Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Epigenetics.

Rajan Jain1, Jonathan A Epstein2

  • 1Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Institute and the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. jainr@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, the study of heritable gene expression changes without altering DNA sequence, is increasingly linked to congenital heart disease (CHD) and adult cardiac conditions, offering new therapeutic avenues.

Keywords:
AcetylationBAFBETBaf45cBrg1Brg1-associated factorCHD7ChromatinChromatin organizationChromatin remodeler complexCohesinDNA methylationEmbryonic stem cellEpigenetic marksEpigeneticsEuchromaticHATHDACHDAC1HDAC2HDAC3HDAC5HDAC7HDAC9HistoneHistone acetyltransferaseHistone deacetylaseHistone methylationHistone methyltransferaseHistone modificationIno80JumonjiKabuki syndromeLaminsMECP2MLL2MethylationNuclear laminaNucleoporinNucleosomeSWI/SNF complexSirtuinsSmydWolf–Hirschhorn syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetics involves heritable gene expression changes (e.g., histone modification, DNA methylation) without DNA sequence alteration.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms regulate transcriptional activity, impacting cellular function.
  • Dysregulation of epigenetic processes is implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetics in congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • To investigate the potential of epigenetic modifications in adult cardiac diseases.
  • To highlight epigenetics as a key area for understanding and treating cardiac conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies identifying sequence variants in epigenetic enzymes in CHD patients.
  • Analysis of research on small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic complexes for adult heart disease therapy.
  • Examination of findings from transgenic mouse models with altered epigenetic enzyme genes.

Main Results:

  • Sequence variants in epigenetic enzymes are found in individuals with congenital heart disease.
  • Epigenetic complex inhibitors show therapeutic potential for adult cardiac diseases.
  • Animal models with genetic alterations in epigenetic enzymes mimic human cardiac disease phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics plays a significant role in both congenital and adult cardiac diseases.
  • Understanding epigenetic mechanisms offers novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac conditions.
  • The field of epigenetics is crucial for advancing cardiovascular medicine.