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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
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Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
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Environmental Signals.

George A Porter1

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Pharmacology and Physiology, and Medicine (Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. george_porter@urmc.rochester.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental factors contribute to congenital heart disease (CHD) risk. Research is needed to clarify the links between various exposures and CHD development for prevention strategies.

Keywords:
AlcoholChemical exposureCongenital heart defectsCongenital heart diseaseDiabetesEnvironmental factorsFolate deficiencyHuman demographicsHypoxiaHypoxia signaling pathwaysMaternal exposureMaternal infectionsMaternal stressMedicationsMitochondriaNoncoding RNAObesityOxidative stressPaternal exposureRetinoic acidRubella infectionsSmokeTeratogensThalidomide

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Developmental Biology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Environmental factors are implicated in congenital heart disease (CHD) pathogenesis.
  • Research has not fully explored the impact of demographics, diseases, drug use, and chemical exposures on CHD risk.
  • Both maternal and paternal exposures can influence CHD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of environmental factors associated with CHD.
  • To highlight the need for further research into the epidemiological and mechanistic aspects of environmental exposures and CHD.
  • To explore potential strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating environmentally induced CHD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing human exposure studies and animal models.
  • Analysis of demographic, disease-related, and environmental exposure data.
  • Exploration of molecular pathways in cardiac development.

Main Results:

  • Various factors including demographics, maternal/paternal diseases, drug use, and chemical exposures are linked to increased CHD risk.
  • Current evidence is often inconclusive or contradictory, necessitating further investigation.
  • Molecular pathways offer potential mechanisms for environmental influences on cardiac morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of environmental exposures and their mechanisms in CHD is incomplete.
  • Further research is crucial to establish definitive links and inform prevention and treatment strategies for environmentally induced CHD.