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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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Testing the Effects of Individual Residents' Retrieval Practice on Standardized Examination Scores.

Adin Nelson1, Aliyah Mohammed2, Anjile An3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA.

Medical Science Educator
|June 18, 2024
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Retrieval practice using exam questions helps medical residents improve their scores. Higher initial scores correlate with fewer practice questions, but more practice still boosts learning and future scores.

Keywords:
Exam preparationGraduate medical educationIndependent studyRetrieval practice

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Cognitive Science
  • Learning Strategies

Background:

  • Graduate medical education (GME) requires efficient learning strategies for trainees with limited time.
  • Retrieval practice, using exam-style questions, is effective for groups but unstudied for individual GME trainees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of individual retrieval practice on GME trainees' learning outcomes.
  • To determine if self-directed study using practice questions correlates with In-Training Exam (ITE) score improvements.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational study analyzed resident data.
  • Linear regression models compared the number of practice questions answered annually with ITE scores.
  • Trainees' prior ITE scores were also analyzed as predictors.

Main Results:

  • Higher baseline ITE scores correlated with fewer practice questions answered.
  • Increased practice questions significantly predicted greater ITE score increases.
  • Prior ITE scores were strong independent predictors of future scores, with a larger effect than practice questions.

Conclusions:

  • Individual retrieval practice using exam questions significantly enhances learning and score improvement in GME.
  • Prior academic performance is a key factor, but active studying through retrieval practice is also crucial.
  • Findings support integrating retrieval practice into individualized educational coaching for residents.