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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Re-Examination of the Maxillary Vestibular Approach with Emphasis on Facial Mimetic Muscle Preservation
Adarsh Kudva1, Charlene D'Souza1, Mehul Saha1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Karnataka India.
Introduction:
The standard Keen's or the maxillary vestibular incision allows direct access to the zygomatico-maxillary complex with inadvertent transection of the facial muscles and more laborious visualisation of the zygoma.
Materials And Methods:
We describe modifications to the vestibular and Keen's technique, based on identification and re-orientation of the facial muscles as well as utilisation of anatomical gaps between the facial mimetic muscles.
Conclusion:
Our modifications are based on the principle of facial mimetic muscle identification, preservation and re-orientation to near normal anatomy.

