Navier-Stokes Equations for Low-Temperature One-Dimensional Quantum Fluids

We consider one-dimensional interacting quantum fluids, such as the Lieb-Liniger gas. By computing the low-temperature limit of its (generalized) hydrodynamics we show how in this limit the gas is well described by a conventional viscous (Navier-Stokes) hydrodynamics for density, fluid velocity, and the local temperature, and the other generalized temperatures in the case of integrable gases. The dynamic viscosity is proportional to temperature and can be expressed in a universal form only in terms of the emergent Luttinger liquid parameter K and its density. We show that the heating factor is finite even in the zero temperature limit, which implies that viscous contribution remains relevant also at zero temperatures. Moreover, we find that in the semiclassical limit of small couplings, kinematic viscosity diverges, reconciling with previous observations of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang fluctuations in mean-field quantum fluids.