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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Pressure Injuries and Skin Failure: The Search for Clarity.

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Protocol to Create Chronic Wounds in Diabetic Mice
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Infectious Aspects of Chronic Wounds.

Natalie E Nierenberg1, Jeffrey M Levine2

  • 1Wound Care, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|July 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing chronic wound infections is complex, lacking standardized guidelines. Advances in diagnosis and treatment offer new hope for practitioners dealing with challenging wound infections, especially in older adults.

Keywords:
BiofilmCellulitisCutaneous candidiasisNecrotizing infectionOsteomyelitisPressure injurySepsisSkin and soft tissue infections (SSTI)

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Chronic wound infections pose significant clinical challenges.
  • Distinguishing colonization from infection and determining appropriate antimicrobial therapy are difficult.
  • Limited standardized guidelines exist for managing chronic wound infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of infections in chronic wounds, particularly in older adults.
  • To discuss key diagnostic and therapeutic advances in managing infected chronic wounds.
  • To highlight specific infections common in chronic wounds, including cutaneous candidiasis, necrotizing soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, and hardware-related infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic wound infections.
  • Discussion of clinical decision-making regarding antimicrobial use and wound culturing.
  • Exploration of specific infection types and their management.

Main Results:

  • Chronic wound infection management requires careful clinical judgment due to a lack of standardized protocols.
  • Recent advancements have improved the diagnosis and treatment of infected chronic wounds.
  • Understanding specific pathogens and conditions like osteomyelitis and candidiasis is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of chronic wound infections, especially in older adults, benefits from updated knowledge on pathophysiology and treatment strategies.
  • Continued research and guideline development are needed to standardize care.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches are essential for optimal patient outcomes.