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Cascading failures in bipartite networks with directional support links
Bo Tong1, David S Roth2, Sergey V Buldyrev2,3
1Department of Mathematics, <a href="https://ror.org/045x93337">Yeshiva University</a>, New York, New York 10033, USA.
Physical Review. E
|July 18, 2024
Summary
We model cascading failures in directional interdependent networks using generating functions. Lower average degrees enhance system resilience against catastrophic collapse, mirroring liquid-gas transitions.
Area of Science:
- Network Science
- Statistical Physics
- Complex Systems
Background:
- Interdependent networks are susceptible to cascading failures.
- Directional links introduce unique vulnerabilities compared to bidirectional ones.
- Understanding system resilience to attacks is crucial for infrastructure stability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To model cascading failures in directional interdependent networks.
- To analyze the impact of degree distributions on failure dynamics.
- To investigate system resilience and transition behaviors.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing generating function formalism to model cascading processes.
- Developing a set of recursive relations based on ingoing link degree distributions.
- Conducting simulations with various outgoing link degree distributions (Kronecker delta, Poisson, Pareto).
- Analytically comparing the vulnerability of directional and bidirectional networks.
Main Results:
- The cascading process is accurately modeled by recursive relations dependent on ingoing degree distributions.
- Simulation results align with theoretical predictions for large networks.
- Systems with lower average degrees exhibit greater resilience to abrupt transitions.
- An equivalence between system transition and liquid-gas transitions in statistical mechanics is established.
Conclusions:
- Generating functions provide a robust framework for analyzing cascading failures in directional networks.
- Network resilience is significantly influenced by average degree and link directionality.
- The study offers insights into predicting system collapse and its analogy to phase transitions.
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