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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Genotoxic stress impacts pre-mRNA 3'-end processing.

Biswendu Biswas1,2, Stéphan Vagner1,2

  • 1Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
|July 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genotoxic stress threatens genomic stability. New research reveals how pre-mRNA 3'-end processing is vital for the cell's DNA damage repair mechanisms.

Keywords:
CoTCDNA damagegenotoxic stresspre‐mRNA processingtranscriptional uncoupling

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Genotoxic stress from external and internal sources constantly challenges genome stability.
  • Cells possess complex DNA repair systems to counteract DNA damage.
  • Regulatory mechanisms acting on RNA influence cellular responses to stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of co- and post-transcriptional regulation in the genotoxic stress response.
  • To highlight recent findings on the connection between pre-mRNA 3 eal-end processing and genotoxic stress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in RNA processing and DNA repair.

Main Results:

  • Pre-mRNA 3 eal-end processing is a key regulatory step in the cellular response to genotoxic stress.
  • Specific alterations in 3 eal-end processing pathways are linked to DNA damage response.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between pre-mRNA 3 eal-end processing and genotoxic stress response is critical for maintaining genomic integrity.
  • Further research into these mechanisms could reveal new therapeutic targets for diseases involving genomic instability.