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Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

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Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Design and Performance Analysis of Compact Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide Phase Shifters for Millimeter-Wave Systems.

Moath Alathbah1, Mohamed S El-Gendy2, Mahmoud Gadelrab3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

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This study presents compact Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) phase shifters for millimeter-wave applications. These novel devices offer wide bandwidth and improved performance for advanced wireless communications.

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cutoff frequencyeffective permittivityphase shifterprinted ridge gap waveguide (PRGW)propagation constant

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Microwave Engineering

Background:

  • Single-layer technologies face limitations in bandwidth and phase balance for millimeter-wave applications.
  • Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) technology offers potential for compact and high-performance microwave components.
  • Existing PRGW approaches have not fully explored multi-layer configurations for enhanced functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce compact Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide (PRGW) phase shifters for millimeter-wave applications.
  • To achieve wide operating bandwidth, improved matching, and phase balance using multi-layer PRGW.
  • To develop a novel analytical method for PRGW structure characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a unique phase shift approach within PRGW technology.
  • Introduction of a novel analytical method to calculate cutoff frequency and propagation constant for PRGW.
  • Utilization of multi-layer PRGW for non-crossing multi-layer beamforming networks.

Main Results:

  • A 45-degree phase shifter demonstrated a 10 GHz bandwidth (25-35 GHz) with phase balance within 45 ± 5 degrees.
  • Deep matching level of -20 dB achieved across the operating bandwidth.
  • The design procedure supports phase shifts from 0 to 135 degrees at 30 GHz.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed PRGW phase shifters are compact, low loss, and low dispersion, suitable for millimeter-wave systems.
  • Multi-layer PRGW enables wideband, compact beamforming networks without signal path crossing.
  • These advancements are highly relevant for Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G wireless communications.