Micro/Nanomotor-Driven Intelligent Targeted Delivery Systems: Dynamics Sources and Frontier Applications

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

• Micro/nanomotors are advanced drug carriers that convert energy into mechanical motion for autonomous propulsion.
• Their unique self-propulsion capability offers enhanced drug penetration through biological barriers compared to conventional carriers.
• Understanding micro/nanomotor dynamics is vital for translating these technologies from laboratory research to clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and categorize micro/nanomotors based on their energy sources: endogenous, exogenous, and live cell-driven.
• To summarize the mechanisms of micro/nanomotor movement and factors influencing their autonomous motion.
• To discuss strategies for controlling micro/nanomotor movement for targeted applications.

Main Methods:

• Categorization of micro/nanomotors by energy source (endogenously stimulated, exogenously stimulated, live cell-driven).
• Analysis of movement mechanisms and influencing factors for each category.
• Review of control methods involving structure, composition, and environmental parameters.

Main Results:

• Micro/nanomotors exhibit remarkable propulsive forces, enabling diverse biomedical applications.
• Key applications include tumor therapy, bio-detection, infection treatment, and environmental remediation.
• Factors like structure, composition, and environment significantly influence autonomous motion and control.

Conclusions:

• Micro/nanomotors hold transformative potential for overcoming biological barriers and improving therapeutic outcomes.
• Their autonomous propulsion offers significant advantages for enhanced drug delivery and targeted therapies.
• Further research and development are crucial for realizing the clinical prospects of micro/nanomotor applications.