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Iatrogenic HLH.

Lubna Ghani¹, Len Calabrese², Puja Mehta³

¹Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|August 8, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) can be triggered by iatrogenic causes, which are poorly understood. This review explores diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of iatrogenic sHLH to improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Iatrogenic Post-transplantation Vaccination

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Hematology
Oncology

Background:

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome.
HLH is classified as primary (genetic) or secondary (sHLH), with sHLH triggered by infections, autoimmune disorders, or malignancies.
Iatrogenic causes of sHLH are rare and poorly understood, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the literature on secondary HLH (sHLH) associated with iatrogenic causes.
To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges specific to iatrogenic sHLH.
To discuss future directions for understanding and managing these complex cases.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for iatrogenic sHLH.
Synthesis of current knowledge and identification of research gaps.

Main Results:

Iatrogenic causes of sHLH are diverse and often obscured by confounding factors.
Diagnosis of iatrogenic sHLH is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with underlying conditions.
Limited evidence exists for specific treatment protocols for iatrogenic sHLH, often relying on general sHLH management.

Conclusions:

Iatrogenic causes represent an underrecognized category of sHLH triggers.
Improved diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic strategies are needed for iatrogenic sHLH.
Further research is crucial to elucidate the pathophysiology and optimize management of iatrogenic sHLH for better patient outcomes.