[Red flags for child abuse : Pediatric radiological and forensic aspects]

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Pediatrics
• Forensic Medicine

Context:

• Diagnosing physical child abuse is a complex clinical challenge often requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
• Radiological expertise is vital for detecting abusive injuries, particularly to the skeletal system and central nervous system.
• Conventional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head are primary imaging modalities.

Purpose:

• To provide an overview of "red flags" in radiological imaging indicative of child abuse.
• To highlight the importance of radiological findings in the diagnostic process.
• To inform clinicians and radiologists about key imaging signs associated with child abuse.

Summary:

• Radiological imaging is essential for identifying physical child abuse.
• Specific "red flags" on skeletal radiography, head CT, and head MRI are crucial indicators.
• While these modalities are important, evidence for sonography in diagnosing child abuse is limited.

Impact:

• Enhances the diagnostic accuracy of physical child abuse cases.
• Supports multidisciplinary teams in making timely and accurate diagnoses.
• Improves patient outcomes by facilitating early intervention and protection.