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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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Probing spin hydrodynamics on a superconducting quantum simulator.

Yun-Hao Shi1,2,3, Zheng-Hang Sun1,2, Yong-Yi Wang1,2

  • 1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

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|August 31, 2024
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Researchers used a quantum simulator to study spin transport at infinite temperature. They observed diffusive transport in ergodic systems and anomalous subdiffusion in disordered systems, advancing our understanding of quantum dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Understanding hydrodynamical transport in quantum dynamics is crucial for exotic non-equilibrium phases.
  • Simulating infinite-temperature transport in complex quantum systems is experimentally challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally probe spin transport at infinite temperature using a controllable quantum simulator.
  • To investigate transport properties under conditions of disorder and tilted potentials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a superconducting quantum simulator to prepare Haar-random states.
  • Observed unitary evolution and spin transport dynamics.
  • Applied strong disorder and tilted potentials to the quantum system.

Main Results:

  • Observed diffusive spin transport in the ladder-type quantum simulator with ergodic dynamics.
  • Revealed signatures of anomalous subdiffusion and breakdown of thermalization under disorder or tilted potentials.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a scalable method for probing infinite-temperature spin transport on analog quantum simulators.
  • Opened new avenues for studying out-of-equilibrium phenomena through transport properties.