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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
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Lower confidence and increased error sensitivity in OCD patients while learning under volatility.

Monja Hoven1, Tosca Mulder1, Damiaan Denys1

  • 1Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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|September 12, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients exhibit lower confidence and heightened error signaling compared to healthy controls. However, action-confidence coupling did not differ, suggesting distinct mechanisms in clinical versus general population compulsive behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • A potential link exists between confidence, action, and compulsive behaviors, particularly in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • Previous research on action-confidence coupling in OCD has yielded inconsistent findings, with questions raised about generalizability from general population studies to clinical samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate action-confidence coupling in individuals with OCD compared to healthy controls (HC).
  • To compare findings with a general population sample of high and low compulsive individuals.
  • To explore potential differences in metacognitive profiles between clinical OCD and highly compulsive general population samples.

Main Methods:

  • A predictive inference task was administered to 38 OCD patients and 37 HC.
  • Action-updating, confidence, and their coupling were assessed and compared between groups.
  • Computational modeling was employed to analyze error sensitivity and environmental parameters.

Main Results:

  • OCD patients demonstrated lower confidence and higher learning rates in response to prediction errors, indicating hyperactive error signaling and reduced confidence estimation.
  • No significant differences in action-confidence coupling were observed between OCD patients and HC.
  • In contrast, highly compulsive individuals showed higher confidence and stronger action-confidence decoupling, correlating with symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that the underlying mechanisms of compulsive behavior may differ between clinical OCD and highly compulsive individuals in the general population.
  • Clinical OCD is characterized by altered confidence estimation and error processing, but not necessarily altered action-confidence coupling.
  • Highly compulsive individuals in the general population may exhibit different metacognitive profiles related to confidence and action.