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Related Concept Videos

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Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Chirality02:25

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Prochirality02:05

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
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Many-Body Models for Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity in Electron Transfer.

Alessandro Chiesa1,2,3, Elena Garlatti1,2,3, Matteo Mezzadri1,2

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy.

Nano Letters
|September 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a microscopic model for chirality-induced spin selectivity in electron transfer. It reveals how electron correlations and dynamics create spin polarization in chiral molecules.

Keywords:
Chirality-Induced Spin-SelectivityElectron CorrelationsElectron TransferMany-Body ModelsSpin Polarization

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Chemistry
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Molecular Biophysics

Background:

  • Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CIS) is a quantum mechanical phenomenon observed in chiral molecules.
  • Understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing CIS is crucial for developing spintronic devices and understanding biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the first microscopic model explicitly including the internal degrees of freedom of a chiral bridge for electron transfer.
  • To investigate the origins of spin polarization in chiral systems through theoretical modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microscopic model for electron transfer through chiral bridges.
  • Exact numerical solution of the model for short chiral chains.
  • Inclusion of electron-electron correlations and electron-vibrational interactions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that spin polarization on the acceptor arises from the interplay of coherent and incoherent dynamics.
  • Identified strong electron-electron correlations and many-body states on the bridge as crucial for spin polarization.
  • Showed that electron-vibrational interactions significantly influence the long-time polarized state.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microscopic model provides new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of chirality-induced spin selectivity.
  • Electron correlations and dynamics, including vibrational effects, are key factors in generating and maintaining spin polarization in chiral electron transfer.