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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

414
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
414
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

591
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
591
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

741
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
741
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

421
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
421
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

376
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
376
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

987
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
987

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Reply to the comment on the "Incidence, risk factors and outcomes of intraoperative pain during non‑elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: a prospective observational study".

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Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
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"Can Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Decrease Postoperative Pain After Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeries?": A

Vivek Kumar Mahato1, Ashok Dongol2, Pradeep Acharya2

  • 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Koshi Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.

Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery
|October 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Perioperative intravenous lidocaine did not significantly reduce postoperative pain or analgesic use in oral and maxillofacial surgery patients. Further research may explore alternative pain management strategies for enhanced recovery after surgery.

Keywords:
LidocaineOral and maxillofacial surgeryPostoperative pain

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Postoperative pain is a significant concern following oral and maxillofacial surgeries.
  • Effective pain management is crucial for patient recovery and satisfaction.
  • Intravenous lidocaine has shown analgesic properties in various surgical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of perioperative intravenous lidocaine in mitigating postoperative pain after oral and maxillofacial procedures.
  • To assess the impact of lidocaine on analgesic consumption and patient comfort.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial involving 40 patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery.
  • Patients received either intravenous lidocaine (2.0%) or normal saline (0.9%) infusion.
  • Pain intensity, sedation, vital signs, and side effects were monitored for 24 hours postoperatively.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant difference in Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores was observed between the lidocaine and saline groups at any time point.
  • Analgesic consumption, sedation levels, and vital signs did not differ significantly between the two groups.
  • Perioperative lidocaine infusion did not demonstrate a significant reduction in postoperative pain or analgesic requirements.

Conclusions:

  • Low-dose perioperative lidocaine infusion does not significantly reduce postoperative pain intensity or analgesic consumption in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgeries.
  • The findings suggest that intravenous lidocaine may not be an effective adjunct for pain management in this specific surgical population.
  • Further investigation into optimized lidocaine dosing or alternative multimodal analgesia strategies is warranted.