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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Assessment of Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury
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Tissue Oxygenation in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study.

Tarcisi Cantieni1, O da Silva-Kress2, U Wolf2

  • 1Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. tarcisi.cantieni@unibe.ch.

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|October 14, 2024
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Summary

A novel textile-based sensor can monitor tissue oxygen saturation to prevent pressure injuries (PI) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This wearable technology shows feasibility for early detection and intervention, improving patient safety.

Keywords:
Health monitoringNear-infrared spectroscopyPressure injuryPreventionSpinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology
  • Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring

Background:

  • Pressure injuries (PI) are serious lesions caused by prolonged tissue hypoxia due to impaired circulation.
  • Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) face a high risk of PI due to immobility and sensory deficits.
  • Current prevention methods lack real-time monitoring capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of a textile-based near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor for monitoring tissue oxygen saturation (StO2).
  • To evaluate the comfort and safety of the wearable sensor for individuals with SCI.
  • To determine the potential of this technology as a preventive alert system for PI.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel textile-based NIRS sensor with integrated optical fibers and LEDs.
  • Attached sensors to the buttocks area of healthy subjects and individuals with SCI.
  • Measured StO2 during sitting and pressure recovery phases, analyzing changes over time.

Main Results:

  • StO2 decreased during sitting phases in both healthy and SCI groups, with greater reduction in SCI subjects.
  • StO2 recovery was observed but did not always return to baseline levels.
  • The textile sensor demonstrated comfort, safety, and ease of use without skin irritation.

Conclusions:

  • Textile-based NIRS sensors are feasible for monitoring StO2 in at-risk populations.
  • This technology shows promise for developing a wearable alert system to prevent pressure injuries.
  • The system offers a safe, comfortable, and user-friendly approach to PI prevention in SCI patients.