Determinants of quality of life decrease in family caregivers of care-dependent patients: a longitudinal study

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Public Health
• Caregiver Studies

Background:

• Family caregivers of care-dependent individuals often experience diminished Quality of Life (QoL).
• Understanding the factors influencing caregiver QoL is crucial for developing effective support strategies.
• Previous research has not fully elucidated the prospective determinants of QoL decline in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To prospectively identify and quantify the determinants contributing to decreased Quality of Life (QoL) among family caregivers of care-dependent patients.
• To differentiate between protective and risk factors impacting caregiver QoL over time.

Main Methods:

• A longitudinal study was conducted with 135 family caregivers in Brazil.
• Data were collected at baseline (2016-2017) and follow-up (2021-2022).
• Questionnaires assessed sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors; patient dependency (Barthel Index); and caregiver QoL (WHOQOL-bref).

Main Results:

• Over a third of caregivers (34.8%) reported a decline in their General Quality of Life Index.
• Eight determinants were identified: protective factors included religious faith, physical activity, shared responsibilities, and adequate sleep.
• Risk factors included patient hospitalization, increased patient dependency, older caregiver age, and longer caregiving duration.

Conclusions:

• Many identified factors influencing caregiver QoL are modifiable, highlighting the potential for interventions.
• Public policies are needed to support family caregivers.
• Healthcare professionals can promote protective factors and mitigate risk factors to improve caregiver QoL.