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A versatile multilayer liquid-liquid encapsulation technique.

Utsab Banerjee1, Sirshendu Misra1, Sushanta K Mitra1

  • 1Micro & Nano-scale Transport Laboratory, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

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Summary

A novel Y-junction droplet generator enables multi-layer cargo encapsulation by overcoming kinetic energy limitations. This technique offers versatile and stable double and triple-layered droplet formation for protected cargo delivery.

Keywords:
Compound dropletCore–shell morphologyInterfacial energyLiquid–liquid encapsulation

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional methods for multi-layer cargo encapsulation face significant challenges.
  • Existing liquid-liquid encapsulation techniques are often dependent on kinetic energy, limiting their applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a minimally restrictive multi-layer encapsulation technique.
  • To overcome the kinetic energy dependence of impact-driven liquid-liquid encapsulation.
  • To enable stable double and triple-layered droplet formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a Y-junction compound droplet generator for core liquid encasement.
  • Impinging compound droplets onto an interfacial liquid layer floating on a host liquid bath.
  • Employing high-speed imaging to capture interfacial dynamics.
  • Demonstrating versatility with various interfacial liquids, including ferrofluids.
  • Extending the method to triple-layered encapsulation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved stable double and triple-layered encapsulation with effective core protection.
  • Established a non-dimensional regime for successful encapsulation based on kinetic energy, layer thickness, and viscosity ratios.
  • Confirmed the presence and integrity of individual shell layers using fluorescent tagging.
  • Demonstrated visualization of internal droplet morphology.

Conclusions:

  • The Y-junction compound droplet generator provides a versatile and robust method for multi-layer encapsulation.
  • This technique circumvents kinetic energy limitations, enabling broader applications in cargo protection and delivery.
  • The established non-dimensional regime aids in predicting and optimizing encapsulation parameters.