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This study provides the first next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) analysis of proton helicity parton distribution functions. Results show remarkable stability in these crucial proton structure measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • High Energy Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Understanding the proton's internal structure is fundamental in particle physics.
  • Proton helicity parton distribution functions (PDFs) describe the spin alignment of quarks and gluons within the proton.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform the first global QCD analysis of proton helicity PDFs at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO).
  • To investigate the perturbative stability of these PDFs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized longitudinal spin asymmetries from lepton-nucleon scattering and proton-proton scattering data (weak boson and jet production).
  • Employed QCD perturbation theory at NNLO accuracy.
  • Applied threshold resummation approximations where full NNLO calculations were unavailable.

Main Results:

  • Presented the first NNLO global QCD analysis of proton helicity PDFs.
  • Observed remarkable perturbative stability in the extracted helicity PDFs.

Conclusions:

  • The NNLO analysis provides a more precise determination of proton helicity PDFs.
  • The stability suggests reliability of the theoretical framework used.