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Published on: April 21, 2017
Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children
Nevena Fileva1, Marta Bertamino2, Domenico Tortora3
1Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini 5, Genova 16147, Italy; Diagnostic Imaging Department, UMHAT Aleksandrovska, Bul G.Sofiiski 1, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.
Insights
Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) presents unique challenges with delayed diagnosis and different risk factors than in adults. This review covers neuroimaging, causes, and treatments for childhood AIS.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric neurology
- Neuroimaging
- Stroke medicine
Background:
- Childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) has high mortality and disability rates.
- Diagnostic delays and risk factors in pediatric AIS differ from adults.
- Key causes include congenital heart disease, cervical arterial dissection, and intracranial arteriopathies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss neuroimaging techniques and protocols for pediatric AIS.
- To describe the main underlying causes of pediatric and perinatal AIS.
- To review current treatment options for AIS in children.
Main Methods:
- Review of neuroimaging techniques and protocols.
- Description of common etiologies for pediatric AIS.
- Summary of current therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Neuroimaging is crucial for timely AIS diagnosis in children.
- Identifying specific causes guides targeted treatment.
- Evolving treatment options offer improved outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Standardized diagnostic protocols are essential for pediatric AIS.
- Prompt neuroimaging and understanding of causes improve management.
- Multidisciplinary approaches enhance treatment efficacy for childhood stroke.
Abstract:
Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children has a high mortality and life-long disability rate in surviving patients. Diagnostic delays are longer and risk factors are different compared with AIS in the adult population. Congenital heart disease, cervical arterial dissection, and intracranial arteriopathies are the main causes of AIS in children. New revascularization time windows in children require the definition of diagnostic protocols for stroke in each referral center. In this article, we discuss the neuroimaging techniques and protocols, describe the main underlying causes, and review the current treatment options for pediatric and perinatal AIS.
