Fluoroscopic, Computed Tomographic, and Magnetic Resonance Myelography

Despite all the advantages of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, there still exist contraindications or limitations to its use. Thus, MR imaging has not entirely replaced fluoroscopic or computed tomographic (CT) myelography to depict the outline of the spinal cord and its nerve roots after intrathecal injection of contrast medium. The growing recent interest of neuroradiologists to accurately diagnose and treat cerebrospinal fluid leaks has also driven a resurgent need for familiarity with this image-guided procedure. This article reviews the numerous technical and periprocedural aspects of fluoroscopic and CT myelography, and the use of noninvasive MR myelography in certain clinical scenarios.