Meta-transfer Learning for Brain Tumor Segmentation: Within and Beyond Glioma

In recent years, numerous algorithms have emerged for the segmentation of brain tumors, propelled by both the advancements of deep learning techniques and the influential open benchmark set by the BraTS challenge. This chapter provides an overview of the background that gave rise to automated brain tumor segmentation algorithms, reviews representative deep learning-based approaches, and reflects their limits on clinical applicability. While these algorithms showcase promising results in fully supervised settings, they may not perform well to other types of brain tumors without substantial samples for model re-training or fine-tuning. Recognizing this limitation, we explore a new learning framework designed to facilitate fast adaptation to new tumor types with only a few labeled data samples.