Plummer-Vinson syndrome: is the immune system the missing piece?

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS) is a rare disorder characterized by a triad of iron-deficiency anemia, cervical dysphagia, and post-cricoid esophageal webs. The exact relationship between anemia and web formation remains unclear, with current hypotheses lacking strong evidence. Although treating anemia generally resolves dysphagia, some cases require endoscopic intervention. PVS is considered a precancerous condition due to its association with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx or upper esophagus. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with psoriatic arthritis who exhibited iron-deficiency anemia unresponsive to oral iron and persistent dysphagia. Gastroscopy revealed esophageal narrowing, and she underwent successful balloon dilation following iron therapy. The patient is now asymptomatic. While the etiopathogenesis of PVS remains unknown, autoimmune conditions may play a role. Due to its potential link to neoplastic lesions, recognizing and managing PVS is critical. Further research is required to improve understanding and identify those at risk.