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Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Single-Flux-Quantum Multiplier Circuits for Synthesizing Gigahertz Waveforms With Quantum-Based Accuracy.

Manuel A Castellanos-Beltran¹, D I Olaya², A J Sirois¹

¹National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity : a Publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee

|November 14, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed microwave-frequency digital-to-analog converter components using single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits and superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) amplifiers for precise waveform generation. These advancements enable quantum-based accuracy in communications metrology.

Keywords:

Digital-analog conversion (DAC)Josephson junctions (JJs)signal synthesis superconducting devices superconducting integrated circuits

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Area of Science:

Superconducting electronics
Quantum metrology
Microwave engineering

Background:

Accurate synthesis of high-frequency waveforms is crucial for communications metrology.
Existing methods face limitations in precision and calibration.
Quantum phenomena offer a path towards enhanced accuracy and reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To design, simulate, and experimentally demonstrate key components for a self-calibrated programmable waveform reference.
To develop a microwave-frequency digital-to-analog converter (DAC) using single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits.
To create a superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) based amplifier for quantum-accurate signal synthesis.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of SFQ and SQUID circuits using a Nb/NbxSi(1-x)/Nb Josephson-junction (JJ) process with self-shunted JJs.
Design and simulation of SFQ voltage multiplier circuits incorporating SFQ-splitters and SQUID transformers.
Experimental synthesis and characterization of single-tone and multitone gigahertz waveforms at 4 K.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of SFQ-based DAC and SQUID-based amplifier components.
Quantized pulse output signals from the SFQ voltage multiplier.
Stable and reproducible synthesis of gigahertz waveforms at 4 K across various operational parameters.

Conclusions:

The developed SFQ and SQUID components are viable for a quantum-based programmable waveform reference.
The fabrication process yields high-performance superconducting devices.
Proposed circuit designs offer pathways for higher synthesis frequencies and improved output characteristics.