Recent advances in nanomaterial-enabled chemiresistive hydrogen sensors

With the growing adoption of hydrogen energy and the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, there is an increasing demand for high-performance hydrogen gas (H₂) sensors. Among various sensor types, chemiresistive H₂ sensors have emerged as particularly promising due to their excellent sensitivity, fast response times, cost-effectiveness, and portability. This review comprehensively examines the recent progress in chemiresistive H₂ sensors, focusing on developments over the past five years in nanostructured materials such as metals, metal oxide semiconductors, and emerging alternatives. This review delves into the underlying sensing mechanisms, highlighting the enhancement strategies that have been employed to improve sensing performance. Finally, current challenges are identified, and future research directions are proposed to address the limitations of existing chemiresistive H₂ sensor technologies. This work provides a critical synthesis of the most recent advancements, offering valuable insights into both current challenges and future directions. Its emphasis on innovative material designs and sensing strategies will significantly contribute to the ongoing development of next-generation H₂ sensors, fostering safer and more efficient energy applications.