Advanced Biomaterials for Lacrimal Tissue Engineering: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Ophthalmology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• The lacrimal gland (LG) is essential for ocular surface lubrication, and its dysfunction causes aqueous-deficient dry eye disease (DED).
• Current DED treatments primarily manage symptoms, necessitating regenerative approaches for underlying LG dysfunction.
• Tissue engineering using biomaterials presents a promising strategy for LG regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in biomaterials for lacrimal gland (LG) tissue engineering.
• To evaluate natural and synthetic biomaterials for their potential in regenerating functional LGs.
• To discuss challenges and future directions in LG tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

• Review of natural biomaterials (e.g., Matrigel, decellularized ECM, chitosan, silk fibroin, amniotic membrane) for biocompatibility and cell support.
• Assessment of synthetic biomaterials (e.g., polyethersulfone, polyesters, PLLA, PLGA) for mechanical properties and scaffold fabrication.
• Exploration of integrating growth factors and stem cells with biomaterials for enhanced regeneration.

Main Results:

• Both natural and synthetic biomaterials show potential for scaffolding LG tissue engineering.
• Biomaterials can mimic the LG extracellular matrix and support cell proliferation and differentiation.
• Integration with growth factors and stem cells can improve regenerative outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Biomaterials are critical components in developing engineered lacrimal glands for DED treatment.
• Overcoming challenges like vascularization and innervation is key for functional LG regeneration.
• 3D bioprinting and advanced fabrication techniques offer future solutions for LG tissue engineering.