Microscopic Characterization of Achillea santolina L. Flower Through Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron...

Area of Science:

• Pharmacognosy
• Botany
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Achillea santolina L. is a medicinally significant plant species.
• Standardization and quality control are crucial for medicinal herbs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To perform a microscopic assessment of Achillea santolina L. flower.
• To establish data for the quality control and standardization of the plant.
• To provide a reference for identification and development of herbal products.

Main Methods:

• Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for histological characterization.
• Palynological assessment using SEM, including exine thickness and spine width.
• Phytochemical screening, elemental analysis (SEM-EDX), and UV-vis spectroscopy of ethanol extract.

Main Results:

• Detailed histological features of floral parts were observed.
• Pollen analysis revealed tricolporate, spheroidal grains with echinate surface ornamentation; oblate-spheroidal and sub-oblate shapes were identified.
• Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, coumarins, glycosides, and fixed oils. Elemental analysis and UV-vis spectra provided further characterization.

Conclusions:

• The study provides a standard reference for the correct identification of Achillea santolina L. flowers.
• The generated data on phytochemical, elemental, and spectroscopic analyses will aid in developing standards for herbal products.
• This research supports the quality control and potential development of Achillea santolina L. in the pharmaceutical and herbal industries.