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This study traces the parallel evolution of biological and statistical concepts of "population." It highlights their distinct yet interconnected development, offering insights into scientific conceptual change over a century.

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Area of Science:

  • History and Philosophy of Science
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • The concept of
  • population
  • is central to evolutionary theory, with its biological definition evolving over time.
  • Less explored is the parallel development of the statistical concept of
  • population
  • during the same historical period.
  • Key figures like Francis Galton and R. A. Fisher influenced both conceptual trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the parallel historical development of biological and statistical concepts of
  • population
  • .
  • To analyze the overlaps and divergences between these two conceptual frameworks.
  • To understand scientific conceptual change through the lens of the
  • population
  • concept.

Main Methods:

  • Historical reconstruction of the conceptual development of
  • population
  • in both biology and statistics.
  • Digital analysis of a literature corpus from *Biometrika* and *Journal of Genetics* (1900-1960).

Main Results:

  • Identified significant overlaps and divergences in the development of biological and statistical notions of
  • population
  • .
  • Demonstrated that these two concepts remained relatively distinguishable over the studied six decades.
  • Highlighted the contributions of individuals who engaged with both traditions.

Conclusions:

  • The biological and statistical concepts of
  • population
  • evolved in parallel, exhibiting both continuity and discontinuity.
  • The interplay between these concepts provides a valuable case study for understanding scientific conceptual change.
  • Despite shared historical actors, the distinct trajectories of biological and statistical
  • population
  • concepts underscore the nuanced nature of scientific progress.