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Transdermal Insulin Delivery Using Ionic Liquid-Mediated Nanovesicles for Diabetes Treatment.
Fahmida Habib Nabila1, Rashedul Islam1, Li Yamin1
1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|December 17, 2024
Summary
New ethosome and trans-ethosome nanovesicles enhance transdermal insulin delivery for diabetes management. These biocompatible formulations significantly improve insulin penetration and reduce blood glucose levels for extended periods.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Dermatology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Transdermal insulin delivery offers controlled release for diabetes management but is limited by insulin's large molecular weight hindering skin penetration.
- High doses are currently required, impacting commercial viability and patient adherence.
- Novel nanovesicle formulations are needed to overcome these barriers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate ethosome (ET) and trans-ethosome (TET) nanovesicles for enhanced transdermal insulin delivery.
- To assess the efficacy of these formulations in improving insulin penetration and controlling blood glucose levels in a diabetic mouse model.
Main Methods:
- Formulation of ET and TET nanovesicles using a lipid-based ionic liquid and various surfactants (IPM, Tween-80, Span-20).
- Characterization of nanovesicles using dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, TEM, and CLSM.
- In vitro and in vivo studies on artificial human skin and a diabetic mouse model to evaluate transdermal penetration, biocompatibility, and blood glucose reduction.
Main Results:
- Stable ET and TET nanovesicles with suitable particle sizes were successfully formulated and remained stable for over 3 months.
- ET and TET formulations with isopropyl myristate (TET1) significantly enhanced FITC-tagged insulin penetration through mouse and pig skin by altering the stratum corneum.
- Nanovesicles demonstrated biocompatibility (cell viability >80%) and significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic mice for over 15 hours, outperforming injection.
Conclusions:
- Ethosome and trans-ethosome nanovesicles, particularly TET1, are effective in enhancing transdermal insulin penetration and providing sustained glycemic control.
- These formulations are biocompatible and non-irritating, showing high potential for commercial transdermal insulin patches.
- The developed nanovesicles offer a promising, comfortable, and adherent alternative for diabetes management.
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