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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
Published on: January 19, 2016
Continuous activation of phenoxide and CF3I for multiple trifluoromethylations
Yusei Nakashima1, Shinjiro Kusano1, Tsukasa Inishi1
1Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan. nisikata@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp.
Abstract:
The introduction of multiple trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups into aromatic compounds remains a significant challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an unprecedented visible light-promoted multiple trifluoromethylation of phenols using commercially available CF3I. The key to success lies in our discovery of a "continuous activation strategy" that enables sequential trifluoromethylations through single-electron transfer from photoexcited phenoxide to CF3I until all ortho or para positions are occupied. This practical method provides access to previously inaccessible multi-CF3-substituted phenols under mild conditions, opening revolutionary possibilities for the design of fluorine-containing functional materials.
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