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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
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Neonatal Cutaneous Vascular Anomalies.

Lauren L Evans1,2, Lauren R S Hill1,2, Ann M Kulungowski1,2

  • 1Vascular Anomalies Center, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.

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|December 31, 2024
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Summary

This review covers common vascular anomalies in infants, focusing on infantile hemangiomas and various vascular malformations. It details clinical, histological, and management aspects for neonatal dermatologic lesions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal dermatology
  • Vascular biology
  • Pediatric pathology

Background:

  • Vascular anomalies are common in infants, often presenting as skin lesions.
  • They are broadly categorized into vascular tumors and vascular malformations.
  • Early identification and management are crucial for optimal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common vascular anomalies presenting in the neonatal period.
  • To focus on clinical, pathophysiological, histological, and radiographic findings.
  • To outline management strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common vascular anomalies in neonates.
  • Synthesis of information on clinical presentation, pathophysiology, histology, and imaging.
  • Summary of current management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Infantile hemangiomas, congenital hemangiomas, and Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma are key vascular tumors.
  • Capillary, lymphatic, venous, and arteriovenous malformations represent common vascular malformations.
  • Detailed clinical, histological, and radiographic features are presented for each.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of neonatal vascular anomalies is essential.
  • Understanding the distinct features of tumors versus malformations guides treatment.
  • A multidisciplinary approach ensures effective management of these diverse conditions.