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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Extended Reality to Assess Short-Term Spatial Memory-A Comparative Study of Mixed Reality, Augmented Reality, and

David Ponce1, Magdalena Mendez-Lopez2,3, Javier Lluch1

  • 1Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.

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Summary

Mixed Reality (MR) effectively assesses spatial memory, showing no performance differences compared to Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). However, MR required more time, potentially due to novelty.

Keywords:
HoloLens 2assessmentaugmented realitymixed realityoptical see throughshort-term memoryspatial memoryuser experienceuser performancevirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Virtual Environments

Background:

  • Assessing short-term spatial memory is crucial for understanding cognitive processes.
  • Previous studies utilized mobile Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) for spatial memory tasks.
  • Mixed Reality (MR) presents a novel approach for immersive cognitive assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a Mixed Reality (MR) application for assessing short-term spatial memory.
  • To compare the efficacy of MR with existing AR and VR technologies for spatial memory tasks.
  • To investigate factors influencing performance and usability within the MR environment.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an MR application utilizing an optical see-through headset.
  • Conducted a study with 29 participants to assess spatial memory.
  • Compared performance data with previous AR and VR studies.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences in performance (correctly placed objects, attempts) were found between MR, AR, and VR.
  • The MR application required longer evaluation and learning times compared to AR and VR.
  • Spatial memory acquired in MR transferred effectively to a mental map; no gender performance differences observed.
  • Usability ratings decreased with increased computer experience.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MR application is effective for spatial memory assessment and received positive usability ratings.
  • MR, AR, and VR technologies are all viable for spatial memory assessment with appropriate hardware.
  • Optical see-through MR headsets offer distinct advantages over mobile AR and VR headsets for such applications.