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Related Concept Videos

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
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Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

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Cells-of-Origin of Breast Cancer and Intertumoral Heterogeneity.

Rachel Joyce1,2, Jane E Visvader3,4

  • 1Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Wurundjeri Country, Melbourne, Australia.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Understanding breast cancer

Keywords:
BRCA1BRCA2Breast cancerCells-of-origin of cancerMammary gland development

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Breast cancer heterogeneity arises from intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
  • Breast epithelial precursor cells, or cancer's cells-of-origin, influence tumor development.
  • Gene expression profiles link cancer subtypes to normal breast cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the cells-of-origin of breast cancer.
  • To explore stem and progenitor cell functions in mammary gland development.
  • To identify potential targets for neoplastic transformation.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo lineage-tracing studies in mouse models.
  • Molecular profiling of gene expression.
  • Analysis of patient-derived breast tissue.
  • Investigation of the premalignant epithelial niche.

Main Results:

  • Strong concordance observed between breast cancer subtypes and normal breast epithelium cell types.
  • Mouse models aid in studying stem/progenitor cell function and transformation targets.
  • Human studies are crucial due to limitations in mouse models.
  • Extrinsic factors in the microenvironment influence tumor initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Delineating the normal mammary stem cell hierarchy is key to understanding breast cancer origins.
  • Targeting cancer cells-of-origin through niche deconvolution offers prevention strategies.
  • Identifying premalignant clones and drivers is vital for disease management.