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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Assessing Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis Doorway-Mediated Vascular Permeability Associated with Cancer Cell Dissemination using Intravital Imaging and Fixed Tissue Analysis
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Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Metastasis.

Bin-Zhi Qian1, Ruo-Yu Ma2

  • 1Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Zhangjiang-Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai Medical College, The Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. qianbinzhi@fudan.edu.cn.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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The immune microenvironment critically influences breast cancer metastasis, the leading cause of cancer death. Understanding immune cell heterogeneity in primary tumors and metastatic sites offers new precision treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Immune microenvironmentMetastasis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Metastatic breast cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality.
  • The tumor immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in breast cancer metastasis.
  • Recent single-cell studies highlight the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key findings on the involvement of diverse immune cells in breast cancer metastasis.
  • To explore future research directions in understanding immune cell roles.
  • To emphasize the potential of targeting immune heterogeneity for improved therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and single-cell studies.
  • Analysis of immune cell functions in primary breast tumors.
  • Examination of immune cell profiles in different metastatic target organs.

Main Results:

  • Specific immune cells significantly impact the progression of breast cancer metastasis.
  • Heterogeneity exists within the immune microenvironment of primary tumors.
  • Immune cell composition varies across different metastatic sites.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting immune cell heterogeneity is a promising avenue for novel breast cancer treatments.
  • Further research into immune microenvironment variations can enhance therapeutic efficacy.
  • Precision medicine approaches informed by immune profiling hold potential for better patient outcomes.