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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) for Major Depressive Disorder.

Julie A Clancy1, Justin Riddle1, Paolo Cassano1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts (JAC, PC); Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (JAC, PC); Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (JR, FF); Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (JR, FF); Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (PC); Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (PC); Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (FF); Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (FF); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (FF); and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (FF).

Psychiatric Annals
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a promising noninvasive neuromodulation technique for major depressive disorder (MDD). While requiring further research for clinical standardization, tACS offers a potential safe and effective alternative to traditional treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant psychiatric condition with ongoing research into novel treatment modalities.
  • Device-based neuromodulation represents a growing area for psychiatric interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) as a treatment for MDD.
  • To assess tACS as a noninvasive, wearable, and low-cost alternative or augmentation to pharmacological treatments for MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).
  • Analysis of tACS as a neuromodulation technique for psychiatric disorders, specifically MDD.

Main Results:

  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) shows potential as a safe and effective noninvasive neuromodulation method.
  • Existing research suggests tACS could complement or replace pharmacological interventions for MDD.

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging technology with significant promise for treating major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • Further refinement of device parameters is necessary for the standardized clinical application of tACS in psychiatric care.