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Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Optical frequency combs (OFCs) are crucial for precise measurements and communications.
    • Developing compact and tunable OFC sources is an active area of research.
    • Bidirectionally coupled systems offer unique dynamic properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a three-sectioned, bidirectionally coupled, tunable optical comb source.
    • To investigate the effect of radio frequency (RF) signal frequency on OFC quality.
    • To model the observed multimode behavior.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) with gain, slotted mirror, and Fabry-Perot (FP) sections.
    • Gain switching the FP section using a high-power RF signal to generate OFCs.
    • Experimental analysis of OFC quality under varying RF frequencies.
    • Development of a minimal extension multimode rate equation model.

    Main Results:

    • Successful generation of tunable OFCs from the bidirectionally coupled system.
    • Observation of multimode behavior in OFCs.
    • Degradation in OFC quality with multimode operation.
    • The rate equation model accurately reproduced experimental results.

    Conclusions:

    • The bidirectionally coupled system enables tunable OFC generation.
    • Multimode behavior is linked to the modified relaxation oscillation frequency.
    • The presented model provides a valuable tool for understanding and predicting OFC dynamics.