Discrimination Faced by Male Nurses and Male Midwives: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis

Area of Science:

• Nursing and Midwifery
• Gender Studies
• Healthcare Professions

Background:

• The nursing and midwifery professions are historically female-dominated.
• Men in these fields represent a gender minority, potentially facing unique challenges.
• Understanding their experiences is vital for promoting inclusivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and critically appraise existing evidence on discrimination experienced by male nurses and male midwives.
• To consolidate and synthesize the qualitative data on their perceptions and experiences.

Main Methods:

• A qualitative systematic review was conducted, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
• Data were extracted from 21 studies involving 283 male nurses and 11 male midwives.
• Meta-synthesis was performed using Sandelowski and Barroso's two-step approach.

Main Results:

• Four key themes emerged: "It's a 'women's world'," discrimination within and beyond the workplace, prevalent stereotypes and labels, and a "silver lining" of positive experiences.
• Male nurses and midwives reported experiences of exclusion and prejudice.
• Stereotypes often questioned their professional identity and capabilities.

Conclusions:

• This review highlights the discrimination faced by male nurses and midwives, underscoring their position as a gender minority.
• There is a clear need to promote gender equality within the nursing and midwifery professions.
• Findings can inform interventions, policy changes, and educational initiatives to support men in these fields.