[Annual review of bronchiectasis 2024]

Area of Science:

• Pulmonary Medicine
• Respiratory Research

Background:

• Bronchiectasis (BE) is a chronic airway disease defined by bronchial abnormalities and persistent dilation.
• It stems from diverse underlying causes, impacting numerous patients globally.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a concise overview of major advances in bronchiectasis research.
• To highlight new perspectives for future research directions in BE.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent studies published between October 1, 2023, and September 30, 2024.
• Analysis of progress in epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, comorbidities, and treatment.

Main Results:

• Identification of sputum color and nitrate/nitrite levels as prognostic biomarkers for exacerbations.
• Advancements in exhaled breath biomarkers for improved screening and diagnosis.
• Progress in therapeutic research, including DPP-1 inhibitors and novel inhaled therapies for precision medicine.

Conclusions:

• New technologies like genome sequencing offer deeper insights into BE pathogenesis.
• Recent findings pave the way for enhanced prevention and treatment strategies.
• The review offers a forward-looking perspective on bronchiectasis research.