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Updated: May 28, 2025

A Protocol to Evaluate and Quantify Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Pathologies in Mouse Models of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Published on: March 10, 2023
Signaling Pathways in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Cells in Response to Stress Conditions of Age-Related Macular
Angela Armento1, Ana C Almansa-Garcia2, Merve Sen2
1Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Department for Ophthalmology, Tübingen, Germany. angela.armento@uni-tuebingen.de.
Abstract:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), affecting circa 200 million people worldwide, is a debilitating disease leading to visual loss in the elderly population. The main risk for AMD is advanced age. Genetic predisposition as well as modern lifestyle habits, such as smoking or unhealthy diets, increase this risk. On the molecular level, these risks convert into complex systemic changes at the interface of the choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane, RPE, and neuroretina, affecting the functional integrity and survival of RPE and photoreceptors cells. To date, therapeutic options for AMD patients are limited. Pathway identification and a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving AMD are prerequisites to defining potential novel druggable targets. This review aims to give a short overview of the known cell signaling pathways focusing on RPE cells in response to stress conditions occurring in AMD.
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