Developing a Conceptual Model for Collective Patterns and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Inequalities Among Adults

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Behavioral Science
• Socioeconomic Determinants of Health

Background:

• Socioeconomic inequalities in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) persist despite interventions.
• Current models inadequately capture the dynamic and nonlinear interactions shaping physical activity patterns over time.
• Understanding these dynamics is crucial for addressing persistent LTPA disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a conceptual model that captures the dynamic interactions influencing an individual's decision to practice LTPA.
• To specifically examine the role of income and socioeconomic factors in sustaining LTPA inequalities.
• To provide a framework for understanding and potentially intervening in LTPA disparities.

Main Methods:

• A conceptual model was developed through a four-stage process.
• Stages included initial drafting, realist reviews, expert consultation, and finalization.
• The methodology focused on integrating theoretical evidence and expert consensus.

Main Results:

• The conceptual model identifies intention as the central construct for practicing LTPA.
• Intention is dynamically influenced by interrelated economic, psychosocial, and perceived environmental factors.
• These dynamic interactions are key to understanding individual LTPA decisions.

Conclusions:

• The developed conceptual model effectively represents the dynamic interactions shaping LTPA decisions within socioeconomic inequalities.
• This model provides a robust framework for future research, including agent-based modeling of LTPA inequalities.
• The model can inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce physical activity disparities.