Preserved ratio impaired spirometry: clinical, imaging and artificial intelligence perspective.

Area of Science:

• Pulmonary Medicine
• Radiology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is a distinct pulmonary function pattern.
• It is considered a precursor to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and is associated with respiratory symptoms, obesity, smoking, and cardiovascular/metabolic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes of PRISm.
• To emphasize the role of advanced imaging techniques (CT, MRI) and artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, evaluation, and prognosis of PRISm.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on PRISm.
• Emphasis on the application of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantitative lung assessment.
• Discussion of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting PRISm subtypes and ventilation function.

Main Results:

• PRISm is linked to various comorbidities and has a variable prognosis, ranging from lung function improvement to COPD development.
• Comprehensive imaging offers quantitative evaluation of lung structure and function.
• MRI can directly quantify ventilation and blood flow, while AI holds potential for predictive modeling.

Conclusions:

• Advanced imaging, including CT and MRI, is crucial for diagnosing and evaluating PRISm.
• AI applications are emerging for PRISm subtype prediction and functional modeling.
• Further research into imaging, especially X-ray and AI, is warranted for PRISm management.