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    The human ear is a gateway for brain and body signals, enabling new ear-based sensors and stimulation for personalized medicine. This research explores integrated earable platforms for remote monitoring and therapeutic interventions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Wearable Technology

    Background:

    • The human ear serves as a unique bidirectional interface for accessing brain and body physiological signals.
    • Recent technological advancements have enabled sophisticated sensing capabilities within and around the ear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the potential of integrating ear-based sensing (ear-EEG, ear-PPG, chemical sensing) with non-invasive brain stimulation techniques.
    • To explore the development of an earable platform for closed-loop multimodal sensing and neuromodulation.
    • To advance personalized and holistic therapies delivered via ear-based devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current research in ear-electroencephalography (ear-EEG), ear-photoplethysmography (ear-PPG), and chemical sensing.
    • Examination of advances in transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) and acoustic stimulation.
    • Discussion of the integration of these technologies into a unified earable platform.

    Main Results:

    • Ear-based sensors can effectively monitor brain and cardiac activity, with ear-EEG demonstrated even in space.
    • The auricular branch of the vagus nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve can be modulated via the ear for therapeutic effects.
    • Integrated earable platforms offer potential for continuous, remote monitoring and personalized bioelectronic medicine.

    Conclusions:

    • Combining ear-EEG, taVNS, and acoustic stimulation in an earable platform holds significant promise for personalized healthcare.
    • This integrated approach facilitates closed-loop systems for real-time biofeedback and therapeutic adaptation.
    • The earable platform paves the way for delivering advanced bioelectronic medicine outside clinical settings.