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How Difference Tasks Are Affected by Probability Format, Part 2: A Making Numbers Meaningful Systematic Review.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Presenting health probabilities using relative risk differences, numerator-only graphics, and anecdotes increases behavioral intentions and perceived effectiveness. Bar charts with labels are also preferred for illustrating probability differences.

Keywords:
data graphicshealth communicationhealth literacynumeracyrisk communicationrisk perception

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Area of Science:

  • Health communication
  • Risk perception
  • Data visualization

Background:

  • Systematic review evaluating data presentation formats for health probabilities.
  • Focus on difference tasks assessing reader interpretation of probability variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present evidence on how data format impacts communication of health probabilities.
  • To analyze effects on perceptions of effectiveness, behavioral intentions, trust, format preference, and discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of experimental/quasi-experimental studies comparing quantitative health information formats.
  • Included 205 findings from 101 studies.
  • Dual extraction of data on stimuli, tasks, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Relative risk differences, numerator-only graphics, and inclusion of anecdotes/social proof enhance behavioral intentions.
  • Relative risk differences and numerator-only graphics strongly increase perceived and felt effectiveness.
  • Bar charts and graphics with data labels are preferred over icon arrays and graphics without labels, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate to strong evidence exists for the impact of probability difference formats on behavioral intention, perceived effectiveness, and format preference.
  • Evidence regarding trust is weak or insufficient.
  • Data presentation significantly influences how health probabilities are understood and acted upon.